The Apology of
Justin Martyr
[Roberts-Donaldson translation, full text here] A really amazing text, written around the year 150 to explain and defend the Christian faith to its pagan opponents. In its final paragraphs, 65-67, Justin describes the Eucharist and their Sunday worship. CHAPTER LXV -- ADMINISTRATION OF THE SACRAMENTS. But we, after we have thus washed him who has been convinced
and has assented to our teaching, bring him to the place where those
who are called brethren are assembled, in order that we may offer
hearty prayers in common for ourselves and for the baptized
[illuminated] person, and for all others in every place, that we may be
counted worthy, now that we have learned the truth, by our works also
to be found good citizens and keepers of the commandments, so that we
may be saved with an everlasting salvation. Having ended the prayers,
we salute one another with a kiss. There is then brought to the
president of the brethren bread and a cup of wine mixed with water; and
he taking them, gives praise and glory to the Father of the universe,
through the name of the Son and of the Holy Ghost, and offers thanks at
considerable length for our being counted worthy to receive these
things at His hands. And when he has concluded the prayers and
thanksgivings, all the people present express their assent by saying
Amen. This word Amen answers in the Hebrew language to CHAPTER LXVI -- OF THE EUCHARIST. And this food is called among us E CHAPTER LXVII -- WEEKLY WORSHIP OF THE CHRISTIANS. And we afterwards continually remind each other of these things. And the wealthy among us help the needy; and we always keep together; and for all things wherewith we are supplied, we bless the Maker of all through His Son Jesus Christ, and through the Holy Ghost. And on the day called Sunday, all who live in cities or in the country gather together to one place, and the memoirs of the apostles or the writings of the prophets are read, as long as time permits; then, when the reader has ceased, the president verbally instructs, and exhorts to the imitation of these good things. Then we all rise together and pray, and, as we before said, when our prayer is ended, bread and wine and water are brought, and the president in like manner offers prayers and thanksgivings, according to his ability, and the people assent, saying Amen; and there is a distribution to each, and a participation of that over which thanks have been given, and to those who are absent a portion is sent by the deacons. And they who are well to do, and willing, give what each thinks fit; and what is collected is deposited with the president, who succours the orphans and widows and those who, through sickness or any other cause, are in want, and those who are in bonds and the strangers sojourning among us, and in a word takes care of all who are in need. But Sunday is the day on which we all hold our common assembly, because it is the first day on which God, having wrought a change in the darkness and matter, made the world; and Jesus Christ our Saviour on the same day rose from the dead. For He was crucified on the day before that of Saturn (Saturday); and on the day after that of Saturn, which is the day of the Sun, having appeared to His apostles and disciples, He taught them these things, which we have submitted to you also for your consideration.
If you would like to
receive my future reflections by |